Here is the article 5 of the Double tax agreement between UK and Hong Kong:
https://assets.publishing.service.g...0b62302692963/hong-kong-uk-dta_-_in_force.pdf
ARTICLE 5 Permanent Establishment
1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “permanent establishment” means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
2. The term “permanent establishment” includes especially:
(a) a place of management; =>
Director's fiscal residency.
(b) a branch; ==>
see an office
(c) an office; ==>
Dependent employees of the company. Not independent contracting secretary company
(d) a factory;
(e) a workshop; and
(f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or︀ any other place of extraction of natural resources.
3. A building site, a construction, assembly︁ or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith, constitute a permanent establishment only if︂ such site, project or activities last more than six months.
4. The term “permanent establishment”︃ also encompasses the furnishing of services (including consultancy services) by an enterprise, directly or through︄ employees or other personnel engaged by the enterprise for such purpose, in connection with a︅ site, a project or supervisory activities referred to in paragraph 3, if those services continue︆ within a Contracting Party in connection with such site, project or activities for a period︇ or periods aggregating more than 183 days within any twelve-month period.
5. Notwithstanding the preceding︈ provisions of this Article, the term “permanent establishment” shall be deemed not to include: (a)︉ the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods︊ or merchandise belonging to the enterprise; (b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or︋ merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery; (c)︌ the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for︍ the purpose of processing by another enterprise; (d) the maintenance of a fixed place of︎ business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for️ the enterprise; (e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character; (f) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to (e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
==> Example: Web servers, cloud servers.
Then article 7:
. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting Party shall be taxable only inthat Party unless the enterprise carries on business in︀ the other Contracting Partythrough a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries onbusiness as︁ aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other Party,but only so︂ much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.
So, let's say, you incorporate︃ your company in the UK, your director is from Hong Kong, your web server are︄ located in Germany or Netherlands. So, i guess the company would pay Corporate income tax︅ in Hong Kong because in the company house registry in the director's list there would︆ be the name of someone living in HK. Then, the correspondance address can be the︇ one of a virtual office. Anyways, if there aren't any employees in the UK, HMRC︈ will not come after you.
The real problems related to this setup is for me:︉
- Nominee directors in UAE and Hong Kong are much more expensive than UK nominee directors.︊ Also, they are more intrusive.
- Outside of the UK, outside of Cyprus, and other jurisdictions︋ like these ones it is difficult to find good, reliable nominee directors.
- If the HMRC︌ comes after you, they will ask you to prove that your company pays Company income︍ tax in the country of the director
- You must report your CIT in the currency︎ of the country where you pay the CIT. In our example: Hong Kong Dollar (=£0,10)️ or UAE dirhams (=0,079).