JimBeam said:
Cyprus is just low tax jurisdiction.
Achieving 5% on Malta is quite difficult. You need to setup multiple companies so it's generally attractive only to larger businesses.
Cyprus is straight forward and better even for smaller companies - with profits of couple hundreds thousand euros - not millions. And if it can go under IP Box - the tax can go down to 2.5%.
Ireland I know nothing about.
Bulgaria is a valid choice especially if you take other things into consideration like lower setup and accounting costs (that are probably a fraction of these in Cyprus or Malta). Language is a bit of an issue. There are other good things like low dividend tax of just 5% and low capital gains tax of just 10% plus no capital gains on EU stocks/ETFs.
You could also go with Montenegro with 9% if profit below 100k EUR. Above 100k up to 1.5M range it's 12% and over 1.5M it's 15%.
Change is due to OECD pressing all countries to have min. 15% CIT tax to avoid businesses moving to other places to save on taxes. Basically they want to eliminate tax havens and low tax jurisdictions - so it doesn't matter where you go - you won't pay less than 15%.
Business expenses can be a lot of things but not crazy things as in other countries. So this part is pretty limited.
For eg. travel expenses are not that easily justified etc.
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