I use Kredit Karma, no need for a bank card at all with them, I don't know about the others. But they will check that your IP address is from the UK, if not, you won't be able to create an account/check your credit score with them.
UK residence is irrelevant, if you have a presence here (Business/loan/bank account/phone contract etc) you will be on the credit score agencies. Now most of the time, people with such contracts︀ would be local residents indeed.
Some banks such as Halifax, allows you to︃ consult your credit score details from the banking app directly.