This is a bad idea.
It's not entirely clear what a financial institution is and what isn't in the FATCA definition. But if we take reasonable presumptions, you're looking at a type of licensed activity that has capital requirements in the hundreds of thousands on top of all the costs associated with setting up and maintaining it. The type of licenses that probably qualify are bank licenses and non-bank deposit taking licenses like EU/EEA EMI or PI, Singapore MPI/SPI, and so on.
Many licenses you might think of aren't actually financial institutions, such as most crypto "licenses". They are just registrations. Securities dealers, money services/brokers, and wealth management companies may not necessarily be financial institutions.
Now, let's say you get a bank license in Dominica or Vanuatu. Congratulations. Now it's time to actually make it functional. Time to open correspondent accounts, and... Oh, what's that? JPMorgan, Deutsche Bank, DBS, HSBC, SC, BNY, and Raiffeisen want nothing to do with your bank that was set up with just one customer in mind, has no track record, no business plan, sketchy staff, and no real presence in Dominica? Exactly the kind of stuff FATF-GAFI warns other banks to not onboard.
So research your (probably illegal) FATCA evasion carefully. And go to a tailor if you haven't been recently. You'll want an orange jumpsuit that actually looks good on you. Going to prison for money laundering, tax evasion, and wire fraud is no excuse for dressing poorly.
koohl said:
How does one go about this in practice? I mean, can you just set up a company, for example, in New Mexico or Wyoming and then ask your agent to register it as a 'foreign financial institution'? And how do you obtain a legitimate license to do so?
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New Mexico and Wyoming are US territories and cannot be considered
foreign financial institutions in this context. It has to be a non-US financial institution. A New Mexico LLC is a foreign entity in Texas as they're different states. But on a federal level, they are not foreign.
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This is the probably the answer to your question.